Small Modular Reactors and Nuclear Waste: What the Research Reveals

Small modular reactors are frequently promoted as a safer and more affordable alternative to conventional nuclear power plants. However, a peer-reviewed study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences examines another important part of the discussion: the volume, composition, storage, and long-term disposal of the nuclear waste these reactors may produce.

Researchers Lindsay M. Krall, Allison M. Macfarlane, and Rodney C. Ewing compared three proposed small modular reactor designs with a conventional pressurized-water reactor. Their analysis found that the selected SMR designs could generate between two and 30 times more waste by volume per unit of energy produced, depending on the reactor and waste stream. The researchers also identified concerns involving chemically reactive materials, neutron leakage, fissile isotopes, and the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel. Although the study evaluates only three proposed designs, its findings raise important questions for Wyoming policymakers and communities considering the costs, benefits, and long-term responsibilities associated with nuclear development.